Liprotheine li hlokahala bakeng sa ho haha metsoako ea 'mele oa motho, joalo ka mesifa le likarolo. U boetse u hloka liprotheine ho boloka tsamaiso ea 'mele ea hau ea' mele e phela hantle, ho etsa li-neurotransmitters, ho theha le ho bontša li-hormone, le tse ling tse ngata.
Liprotheine li atisa ho ba limolek'hule tse khōlō tse entsoeng ka ho haha li- amino acid . Tsela e tloaelehileng ea molek'hule ea amino acid e akarelletsa sehlopha sa carboxyl ea liathomo, sehlopha sa amine le ketane lehlakoreng.
Sehlopha sa carboxyl se na le carbon e le 'ngoe, oksijene e le' ngoe le athomo e le 'ngoe ea haedrojene. Sehlopha sa amine se na le athomo e le 'ngoe ea naetrojene le liathomo tse peli tsa haedrojene tse amanang le eona.
Lintho tsohle tse 20 tsa amino acid li na le liketane tse fapaneng tsa mahlakoreng, tse fapaneng ka sebōpeho. Ho na le liketane tse otlolohileng tsa liathomo, lihlopha tsa liketane tsa liathomo, le mehele ea liathomo, hammoho le liketane tse ka mahlakoreng li kenyeletsa carbon, hydrogen, sebabole, naetrojene le liathomo tsa oksijene.
Mokhoa le limolek'hule tse fumanoang ka lehlakoreng le lehlakoreng ke tsona tse khethollang amino e le 'ngoe ho e' ngoe. Li-amino acid li-branched areoleucine, leucine, le valine mme li hlokahala bakeng sa sebopeho sa mesifa. Tyrosine, phenylalanine le tryptophan li bitsoa li-amino acid tse nkhang hamonate 'me e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le ketane e lehlakoreng le sebopeho se entsoeng ka hare. Li-amino acid tse tharo li hlokahalang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea li-neurotransmitter.
Lintho tse sa reng letho le tsa bohlokoa tsa amino acid
Li-amino acid tse 11 tseo e seng tsa bohlokoa ha li bitsoe "tseo e seng tsa bohlokoa" hobane ha lia bohlokoa.
Li bohlokoa, mme 'mele oa hau o ba hloka hore ba etse mesebetsi e' maloa. Li-amino acid li bitsoa "tse sa hlokahaleng" hobane ha ho hlokahale hore u li fumane lijong tsa hau. 'Mele oa hau o ka haha lik'hemik'hale tsena tse 11 tsa lik'hemik'hale tse seng li le teng' meleng oa hau. Li-amino acid tse sa hlokahaleng li kenyelletsa:
- Alanine
- Arginine
- Asparagine
- Aspartic Acid
- Li-cysteine
- Glutamic Acid
- Glutamine
- Glycine
- Proline
- Serine
- Tyrosine
Li-acino acid, arsteine, cysteine, glycine le tyrosine ka linako tse ling li nkoa e le "maemo a bohlokoa." Seo se bolela hore batho ba bangata ba li etsa ba le bang, empa batho ba nang le maloetse a itseng kapa bofokoli ba liphatsa tsa lefutso ba ke ke ba ba etsa, kahoo ba hloka ho li fumana ka lijo tsa bona.
Tse robong tsa bohlokoa tsa amino acid li bitsoa "tsa bohlokoa" hobane u ke ke ua li hlahisa; u lokela ho ja liprotheine tse nang le li-amino acid. Li akarelletsa:
- Histidine
- Isoleucine
- Leucine
- Lysine
- Methionine
- Phenylalanine
- Threonine
- Tryptophan
- Valine
Na o hloka ho tšoenyeha ka li bohlokoa tsa amino acid ha o rera lijo tsa hau tsa letsatsi le letsatsi? E seng joalo hantle. Liprotheine tsa liphoofolo tse kang nama, mahe le lihlahisoa tsa lebese ke "liprotheine tse feletseng." Seo se bolela hore protheine e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e fumanoang sehlahisoa sa liphoofolo e na le e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tse robong tse bohlokoa tsa amino acid. Li-Vegetarians le vegans li ka 'na tsa hloka ho lefa tlhokomelo e eketsehileng liprotheine tsa lijo. Liprotheine tsa limela li bitsoa "liprotheine tse sa phethehang." Ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea protheine ea dimela e haelloa ke e 'ngoe kapa tse fetang tse robong tse bohlokoa tsa amino acid. Leha ho le joalo, amino e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e fumanoa semeleng e itseng, kahoo u ka kopanya liprotheine tse fapaneng tsa limela ho fumana li-amino acid tsohle tseo u li hlokang.
Ithute ka ho kopanya liprotheine tsa vegan le tsa meroho .
Ho na le liprotheine tse ngata tse fapaneng 'meleng oa hau,' me li etsa mesebetsi e sa tšoaneng. Mesebetsi ea liprotheine e kenyelletsa:
- Ho kenya letsoho ho liketso tsa enzyme tse khothalletsang liketso tsa lik'hemik'hale 'meleng
- Lisele tse bontšang seo u lokelang ho li etsa le hore na u tla li etsa neng
- Ho tsamaisa lintho ho potoloha 'mele
- Ho boloka lisebelisoa le pH li lekaneng 'meleng
- Ho sebeletsa e le mohaho oa tlhahiso ea lihomone
- Ho thusa lesela la mali
- Ho khothalletsa ts'ebetso ea likokoana-hloko e laolang mesebetsi ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung
- Ho sebeletsa e le lisebelisuoa tsa motheo tse fanang ka likarolo tsa 'mele tsa bona ka libopeho tsa bona
Kamoo Protheine e Pentiloeng Kateng
Ho chesoa ha liprotheine ho qala molomong le ho hlafuna, e leng se etsang hore lijo li be bonolo ho li ja.
E boetse e thusa ka ts'ebetso ea lijo ka ho khaola lijo ho ea ka likotoana tse nyenyane. Hopola hore ke habohlokoa ho hlafuna lijo tsa hau hantle; u se ke ua tšela lijo tsa hao fatše ka ho loma haholo.
Matšeliso a ts'ebetso e tsoela pele ka mpeng ka ho lokolloa ha lero la lijo tse kenyang hydrochloric acid le pepsinogen. Hydrochloric acid e fetola pepsinogen ho pepsin, e qalang ho senya likamano pakeng tsa amino acid. Ts'ebetso ena e etsahala ha mesifa e potolohileng mpa e penya mme e qheqha lijo le mala a metsi a momahane.
Mohato o latelang o hlaha ka maleng a mangata ao hydrochloric acid e kenngoa ka 'ona ka li-bicarbonates tse lokolloang li-pancreas. Li-pancreas li boetse li ntša enzyme e bitsoang trypsin. Trypsin e tsoela pele ho arohana le amino acid, e ntan'o kenngoa ka mali. Hang ha o le maling, li-amino acid li fetisetsoa liseleng tse likarolong tse sa tšoaneng tsa 'mele oa hau. 'Mele oa hau o sebelisa li-amino acid ho haha liprotheine tse hlokahalang bakeng sa mesebetsi e fapaneng.
Liprotheine e le Matla
U ka 'na ua se ke ua nahana ka protheine e le mohloli oa matla, empa liprotheine li fana ka lik'hilojule ho lijo tsa hau. Lik'halori tsena li hloka ho amoheloa haeba u shebile boima ba hau . Karolo ka 'ngoe ea protheine eo u e jang e na le lik'hilojule tse' nè. Lefapha la Temo la United States le fana ka maikutlo a hore u fumana hoo e ka bang karolo ea 15 lekholong ho ea ho karolo ea 20 lekholong ea lik'hilojule tsa hau ho tloha liprotheine. Ho motho ea hlokang lik'hilojule tse 2 000 ka letsatsi, o ne o tla lekanang le ligrama tse 75 ho ea ho 100 tsa protheine.
Mefuta, litlhapi, lijo tsa leoatle, likhoho, mahe le lihlahisoa tsa lebese ke mehloli e mengata ea liprotheine, empa u ka boetse ua fumana liprotheine tse tsoang lihlopheng tse sa tšoaneng tsa lijo-thollo, linate, linate le peo. Ha ho thata ho fumana liprotheine tse lekaneng lijong tsa hau. Leoto le le leng la khoho le le leng le tla u fa ligrama tse 30 tsa protheine. Sete e 'ngoe ea salmone e na le ligrama tse 40 tsa protheine, senoelo sa oatmeal se na le ligrama tse tšeletseng tsa protheine,' me senoelo sa asparagus se na le ligrama tse peli tsa protheine. Kaha batho ba bangata ba fumana liprotheine tse lekaneng ho tsoa lijong tsa bona, ho haelloa ke protheine ha ho tloaelehe linaheng tse tsoetseng pele.
Linaheng tse sa tsoetseng pele, khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng le ho haelloa ke protheine li jele setsi. Ho haelloa ke protheine e matla ho bitsoa kwashiorkor. Bana ba nang le kwashiorkor ba atisa ho ba le matsoho le maoto a mesaane haholo le malapa a maholo, a arohaneng. Ho haelloa ke protheine ho ka baka ho hlōleha ha kgolo, ho lahleheloa ha mesifa, ho sithabela ha 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung, mathata a matšoafo, mathata a pelo, le lefu.
Lisebelisoa
Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. "Phepo e nepahetseng le Metabolism ea Batho." Khatiso ea Botšelela. Belmont, CA Khamphani ea Wadsworth Publishing, 2013.
Smolin LA, Grosvenor, MB. "Phepo e nepahetseng: Saense le Likōpo." Khatiso ea Boraro. Wiley Publishing Company, 2013.
National Academy of Sciences, Engineering le Medicine, Health le Medicine Division. "Dietary Reference Intakes Tables le Tlhahlobo." http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/Activities/Nutrition/SummaryDRIs/DRI-Tables.aspx.
Lefapha la United States la Temo Lefapha la Temo la United States Lefapheng la Phuputso ea Temo ea Sechaba Setsi sa Sechaba sa Nutrient bakeng sa Standard Reference Release 28. https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search.