Mafura le oli li entsoe ka limolek'hule ka 'mele tse bitsoang fatty acids. Ke lihlopha tse entsoeng ka carbon le liathomo tsa haedrojene tse nang le sehlopha sa carboxyl pheletsong e le 'ngoe le methyl sehlopha se seng. Lihlopha tsa Carboxyl li na le athomo e le 'ngoe ea carbon, liathomo tse le' ngoe tsa hydrogen, le liathomo tse peli tsa oksijene, 'me lihlopha tsa methyl li kenyelletsa athomo e le' ngoe ea carbon le liathomo tse tharo tsa hydrogen. Liathomo tsa carbon ka limolek'hule tsa mafura a acid li kopantsoe ke litlamo tse le 'ngoe kapa tse peli.
Mafura a mafura a fapana ka bolelele. Li-acide tse nang le mahlaseli a maqheane a khutšoane li na le liathomo tse peli ho tse ' mefuta e mahareng ea mafura a mafura a na le liathomo tse 6 ho isa ho tse 12, mafura a mafura a malelele a na le bonyane liathomo tse 14 tsa carbon.
Li-acids acid li na le mafura kapa li sa silafatsoa. Mafura a mafura a khotsofatsang ha a na litlamo tse peli pakeng tsa leha e le efe ea liathomo tsa k'habone ka ketane. Li-acids tse sa sebelisoang li-unsaturated li na le litlamo tse peli kapa tse fetang tse peli ka carbon chain.
Monounsaturated fatty acids e na le khokahano e le 'ngoe,' me li-polyidsaturated fatty acids li na le bonyane litlamo tse peli tse peli. Ka linako tse ling li-unsaturated fatty acids li bitsoa ka boemo ba litlamo tse peli ka ketane ea carbon. Lebitso la omega-3, -6 kapa -9 le bolela libaka tsa maqhama a mabeli a mabeli liphatleng tse tharo tse fapaneng tsa mafura a mafura.
Li-acids tsa unsaturated tse nang le mafura li ka ba le litokisetso tse peli tse fapaneng tsa liathomo tsa haedrojene ka mahlakoreng a mabeli a mabeli. Tsena li bitsoa litokisetso tsa "cis" kapa "trans".
Li-configurations tsena li na le liathomo tsa haedrojene tse lehlakoreng le le leng la molek'hule. Ts'ebetso ea cis e etsa hore molek'hule e shebahale eka e kobehile.
Litokisetso tsa Trans li na le liathomo tsa haedrojene tse mahlakoreng a sa tšoaneng a tlamahano e habeli. Tokisetso ena e fa molek'hule ho shebahala ka tsela e lekaneng, joaloka mafura a tletseng.
Ho thahasellisang ke hore ho hlahisa hore mafura a mangata le li-trans mafura a kotsi bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba hau.
Mafura a na le mesebetsi ea bohlokoa, e kenyeletsang:
- Ho raloa ha libaka tsa 'mele
- Likarolo tsa mehaho ea lisele tsa sele
- Ho theha li-hormone tsa steroid
- Matlo a polokelo ea matla
- Ho kenya letsoho ho tloha serame
- Ho jara livithamine tse nang le mafura a mangata A, D, E, K
Cholesterol ke ntho e nyenyane e sa hlahise matla a kang triglycerides, empa ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa mekhoa e mengata ea likokoana-hloko le tlhahiso ea lihomone. Leha ho le joalo, u ka ba le ntho e ngata haholo. Mefuta e phahameng ea k'holeseterole e 'nile ea amahanngoa le kotsi e eketsehileng ea lefu la pelo.
Cholesterol 'meleng oa hau e entsoe ka sebete sa hau. Ho na le mefuta e meraro e fapaneng: Phahameng-Density Lipoproteins (HDL), Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL) le Low Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDL). Ho ba le maemo a phahameng a li-cholesterol a HDL ho ka fokotsa kotsi ea lefu la pelo le ha ho phahamisa LDL k'holeseterole ho tla eketsa kotsi eo.
Triglycerides
Mafura a lijo a bitsoa triglycerides. Triglyceride e entsoe ka limolek'hule tse tharo tsa mafura tse nang le molek'hule ea glycerol. 'Mele oa hau o ka sebelisa triglycerides e le matla kapa oa o boloka e le mahlaseli a mahlahahlaha (mafura a' mele). Mafura a acids a etsa qeto ea hore na ho na le sebōpeho sefe.
Mafura a entsoeng ka triglycerides a nang le mafura a mangata a mangata, joaloka nama, a tiile mocheso oa mohatsela. Mafura a nang le triglycerides le unsaturated le monounsaturated fatty acids, joaloka oli ea limela le oli ea mohloaare, li na le metsi ka mocheso oa motsoako.
Fractionated Oils
Oli ea tropike e kang kokonate, palema le oli ea palm kernel e ka arohana, kapa ea futhumala, ebe ea qhibiliha. Majoe a arola oli ka likaroloana tse fapaneng tse thehiloeng mocheso. Likaroloana tse nang le lintlheng tse phahameng tsa melting li matla haholo mocheso oa mohatsela 'me ka linako tse ling li sebelisoa e le motsoako oa liaparo tsa tsokolate ho ba thibela ho qhibiliha mocheso oa motsoako.
Mafura a Khotsofatsang
Mafura a mangata a mangata a tsoa linthong tsa liphoofolo, le hoja mafura a mangata a boetse a fumanoa ka oli ea kokonate , oli ea palema le oli ea palm kernel. Mafura a mangata a ka ama likarolo tsa k'holeseterole 'meleng. Ha e le hantle, mafura a mangata a tla phahamisa k'holeseterole ea hau haholo ho feta ho ja k'holeseterole ea lijo.
Ho ja lijo tse nang le nama e khubelu ho 'nile ha amahanngoa le kotsi e eketsehileng ea lefu la pelo le mafu a mang a kankere. Kaha nama e khubelu e na le mafura a mangata a mangata, litsebi tse ngata li fana ka maikutlo a hore u fokotsa ho sebelisoa ha nama e khubelu ka libeke tse peli kapa tse tharo feela ka beke.
Mafura a Monounsaturated
Mafura a monounsaturated a metsi ka mocheso oa motsoako, empa a tiile ha a le sehatsetsing. Oli ea mohloaare e na le monounsaturated fatty acid e bitsoang oleic acid. Oli ea canola, linotši le li-avocado li boetse li na le mafura a monounsaturated. Ho sebelisoa ha monounsaturated fatty acids ho bontšitsoe ho thusa ho boloka LDL li-cholesterol li le tlaase le ka holimo ho k'holeseterole ea HDL.
Mafura a Polyunsaturated
Mafura a Polyunsaturated a tsoa haholo ho tsoa mehloling ea limela joaloka linate, peo le oli ea meroho 'me a kenyelletsa mafura a omega-3 le a omega-6. Mafura ana a metsi ka mocheso oa motsoako 'me hangata a lula a le metsi nakong ea sehatsetsing. Litlhapi hape ke mohloli o motle oa mafura a omega-3 a polyunsaturated, haholo-holo metsi a batang, tlhapi ea leoatle le mafura a leoatle. Ka hona ntle le haeba u le vegan kapa meroho, u lokela ho ja bonyane litšebeletso tse tharo tsa litlhapi beke le beke. Phoofolo e ngata e khubelu e fokotseha ka mafura a polyunsaturated, empa liphoofolo tse hōlisitsoeng ka joang ho e-na le lijo tsa lijo-thollo li na le nama e nang le mefuta e mengata ea li-polyunsaturated le e fokotsehang mafura ka kakaretso.
Li-acids tsa mafura li bohlokoa haholo hobane u hloka ho li fumana lijong tsa hau. 'Mele oa hau o ka etsa mafura a mangata ao ao hlokang ho mefuta e meng ea mafura a mafura, empa omega-6 le omega-3 polyunsaturated mafura a acid e lokela ho tsoa lijong.
Omega-6 fatty acids e tsoa limela tsa meroho, linate le oli ea peo. Batho ba bangata ba fumana mafura ana ho tsoa lijong tsa bona (hangata ho feta ho lekaneng). Omega-3 fatty acids hangata ha e na thuso. Litsebi tse ngata li lumela hore ho ja lijo tse nang le oli e ngata haholo ea omega-6 le mafura a mangata a omega-3 ho eketsa kotsi ea ho ruruha le maloetse a sa foleng.
Ho fumana omega-3 fatty acids e lekaneng ea lijo tsa hau kapa ho ja lijo tse ling ho tla thusa ho fokotsa ho ruruha, ho laola pelo le ho boloka boemo ba hau ba k'holeseterole bo tloaelehile. Ha u sa fumane lijo tse lekaneng tsa acid mafura a hao, u ka 'na ua e-ba le letlalo le omileng, moriri o omileng le ho ruruha ho eketsehileng.
Li-Fats
Boholo ba li-fats-fatsane li bōpiloe ka mokhoa o itseng ka mokhoa o bitsoang hydrogenation. E akarelletsa ho futhumatsa oli e tloaelehileng ea meroho le ho qobella liathomo tsa hydrogen ho limolek'hule tse nang le mafura a polyunsaturated. Mokhoa ona o etsa hore oli e be ntho e tiileng 'me e ntlafatse bophelo ba mahlaseli a mafura.
Oli-hydrogenate ka ho feletseng ea oli ea limela e tla e tiisa 'me e se ke ea etsa li-fat-fat. Leha ho le joalo, ho tiea ha mafura ho etsa hore ho be thata ho o pheha. Karolo ea oli ea hydrogenating e etsa hore e be sehlahisoa se sengata 'me e ntse e sebelisoa haholo ho pheha le ho phekola lijo. Mehlala e kenyeletsa margarine ea khomarela le oli e entsoeng ka letsoai. Li-trans-fat li atisa ho fumanoa li-donuts, li-coke tsa bohobe, li-cookie le lijo tse nkiloeng .
Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea bophelo bo botle ba pelo ea hau, lihlahisoa tse entsoeng ka maiketsetso li mpe ho feta mafura a tletseng. Ho ja li-fat-ngata tse ngata li 'nile tsa amahanngoa le ho eketsa kotsi ea lefu la pelo.
Hase mefuta eohle ea li-fate e entsoeng ka laborateng. Mefuta e fokolang ea mafura a tlhaho a hlaha ka lebese le nama ea nama. Motsoako oa linoleic o kopantsoeng ke motsoako o tsebahalang oa tlhaho oa mafura. Mafura a tlhaho ha a bonahale a le kotsi joaloka li-trans-fatang tsa maiketsetso.
Mafura a Chesoa Joang?
Ho cheka ha mafura ho qala molomong moo lijo tseo u li hlahisang li kopane le lipase tse nyenyane tsa lipuo tse fumanoang matleng a hao. Lingual lipase ke enzyme ea lijo tse senyang mafura e nang le mafura ntle le triglycerides.
Ha o se o metse lijo tsa hao, tshilo ea dijo e ntse e tsoela pele ka mpeng. Lijo tseo u li jang li senyehile 'me li tsoakane le li-enzyme tsa mala. Lipase e sebetsa ka mpeng, empa mafura a mangata a mangata a etsahala ka maleng a manyenyane.
Fat Digestion ka Katleho ea Mahlaba a Bohlokoa
Sebete sa hau se hlahisa bile, se boloketsoeng ka nkhong ho fihlela se bakoa ke ho ja lijo tse nang le mafura. Sefuba se lokolloa ka maleng moo se sebetsang joaloka sesepa ho emisa mafats'e marotholing a manyenyane. Sena se nolofaletsa pancreatic lipase ho fihlela ho triglycerides.
Lefu la bile le lipase le hlahisa likotoana tse nyenyane tse kenang maling. Le bile, e nang le k'holeseterole, e ka boela ea kenngoa ka mali kapa ea tlameha ho tšeloa ka har'a furu 'me ea felisoa ka setulo. Ho ja lijo tse nang le lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa ho qhibiliha ho thusa ho boloka maemo a hau a k'holeseterole a phetse hantle ka ho nka k'holeseterole e eketsehileng ho bile le ho e tlosa 'meleng oa hao.
Mokhoa o nepahetseng oa ho senya lijo o tla ja karolo ea 95 lekholong ea mafura a lijo tseo u li jang. Batho ba nang le bothata ba malabsorption bo tšoana le bohlasoa ba celiac, ho haelloa ke pancreatic lipase, le ho haella ha letsoai la bile hangata ha ho khone ho fumana mafura hantle. A
Lisebelisoa:
Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. "Phepo e nepahetseng le Metabolism ea Batho." Khatiso ea Botšelela. Belmont, CA Khamphani ea Wadsworth Publishing, 2013.
Smolin LA, Grosvenor, MB. "Phepo e nepahetseng: Saense le Likōpo." Khatiso ea Boraro. Wiley Publishing Company, 2013.
Lefapha la Bophelo le Lits'ebeletso tsa Botho United States, National Diseases Clearinghouse Clearinghouse (NDDIC). "Tsamaiso ea hau ea Digestive le kamoo e sebetsang kateng."